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/ Guides & Help / Citing Sources / Chicago Style

Chicago Style

Chicago style is often used in the humanities (especially History) and uses footnote or endnote citations in the paper and through bibliography pages. The following examples use Chicago Style 16th edition.

Use footnotes or endnotes (N) when citing sources in Chicago Style. Each note will be accompanied by a bibliographic entry (B) at the end of your paper. The first time you refer to a source, provide the complete note. Subsequent times that you refer to the source simply use the author’s last name, a shortened version of the title, and the page numbers. Notes should be numbered consecutively in order beginning with number 1.

Interactive example

Move your mouse over the different parts of the citation to see what they represent:

Galvin, Daniel J., “Presidents as Agents of Change.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 44, no. 1 (2014): 77-85. doi:10.1111/psq.12089.

More Citation Examples

Articles

Articles in library databases

Footnote or endnote (N):

Daniel Galvin, “Presidents as Agents of Change,”Presidential Studies Quarterly 44, no. 1 (2014): 98, doi: 10.1111/psq.12089.

Bibliographic entry (B):

Galvin, Daniel J, “Presidents as Agents of Change.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 44, no. 1 (2014): 95-119. doi: 10.1111/psq.12089.

If there is no doi, add the database name and article number, or the stable or persistent url to the article instead.

 

Print articles

Footnote or endnote (N):

Huang Hsinya, et al. “Charting Transnational Native American Studies,” Journal of Transnational American Studies 4, no. 1 (2012): 15.

Bibliographic entry (B):

Hsinya, Huang, Philip J. Deloria, Laura M. Furlan, and John Gamber. “Charting Transnational Native American Studies.” Journal of Transnational American Studies 4, no. 1 (2012): 1: 1-15.

Books

Footnote or endnote (N):

Lydia Murdoch, Daily Life of Victorian Women (New York: Greenwood, 2014), 53.

Bibliographic entry (B):

Murdoch, Lydia. Daily Life of Victorian Women. New York: Greenwood, 2014.

eBooks

Electronic books are cited exactly like print books, but include what format the eBook is in at the end (Kindle, eBook, etc.)

Footnote or endnote (N):

Shaul Bassi and Annalisa Oboe, Experiences of Freedom in Postcolonial Literatures and Cultures (New York: Routledge, 2011), eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), chap 4.

Bibliographic entry (B):

Bassi, Shaul, and Annalisa Oboe. Experiences of Freedom in Postcolonial Literatures and Cultures. New York: Routledge, 2011. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).

Websites

Footnote or endnote (N):

“Kenya’s New Constitution Benefits Indigenous Peoples,” Cultural Survival News, Cultural Survival, last modified August 12, 2014, http://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/kenya/kenyas-new-constitution-benefits-indigenous-peoples.

Bibliographic entry (B):

“Kenya’s New Constitution Benefits Indigenous Peoples.” Cultural Survival News, Cultural Survival. Last modified August 12, 2014. http://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/kenya/kenyas-new-constitution-benefits-indigenous-peoples.

Note: modified or revised date of the website is preferred. If this does not exist, include the date you accessed the website, instead.

Videos

Streaming Video

Footnote or endnote (N):

“The Rise and Fall of Penn Station,” (2014; Films on Demand), Accessed October 1, 2014. http://digital.films.com.hrt-proxy.libraries.vsc.edu/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=6842&xtid=58619.

Bibliographic entry (B):

“The Rise and Fall of Penn Station.” Films On Demand. 2014. Accessed October 1, 2014. http://digital.films.com.hrt-proxy.libraries.vsc.edu/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=6842&xtid=58619.

DVD

Footnote or endnote (N):

Joe Versus the Volcano, directed by John Patrick Shanley (1990; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2002), DVD.

Bibliographic entry (B):

Joe Versus the Volcano. Directed by John Patrick Shanley. 1990. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2002. DVD.

Image Posted Online

Footnote or endnote (N):

James Estrin, “A Worshiper at St. Patrick’s Cathedral on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan,” New York Times, colored photograph, November 27, 2014.http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/nyregion/for-catholics-the-word-was-a-bit-different-amen.html?ref=us.

Bibliographic entry (B):

Estrin, James. “A Worshiper at St. Patrick’s Cathedral on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan.” New York Times. Colored photograph. November 27, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/nyregion/for-catholics-the-word-was-a-bit-different-amen.html?ref=us

Chicago Formatting Resources

For a comprehensive overview of Chicago paper and source citation format, we recommend you use these style guide websites:

Citation & Writing Help

Vermont Tech students can get writing help through the Center for Academic Success. CCV students can get help with citation and paper writing through Tutor.com – On-Demand Tutoring (within your Canvas courses) or at a local Learning Centers.